Tree Species Preferred for Wood Fuel in Brick Making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.445Keywords:
Tree, species, brick making, Morogoro, TanzaniaAbstract
This study aimed at identifying the tree species commonly used in brick making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania and proposing means for generation of modified energy sources that would cover the full value of forest resource production and consumption. The research approach was two-folds using; Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and quantitative measurements. Results revealed that almost all brick makers in the area used fuelwood as the major energy sources. Nine (9) tree species were used in brick making, namely; Mkarati (Burkea africana), Mlama (Combretum molle), Mbiriti (Senna siamea), Muarobaini (Azadirachta indica) and Mwembe (Mangifera indica). Others were Mkaratusi (Eucalyptus spp), Mchongoma (Pithecellobium dulce) Mjohoro (Senna spectabilis) and Mkrisimasi (Delonix regia). Of these, Mkarati, Mwembe, Mlama and Mbiriti were mostly preferred, though other species were also used insignificantly. Increasing scarcity of some of other tree species meant that deforestation from the nearby forests was a common problem. To reduce deforestation in the area, use of alternative energy sources in brick making such as rice husks and bagasse are recommended. Other recommendations are the establishment of woodlots, practicing agro-forestry systems and intensive afforestation and reforestation programmes for more sustainable fuelwood use.
Downloads
References
A Wealth of India (1969). Raw materials: Pithecellobium dulce Benth Vol. VIII. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. 142pp.
Abbot, P. & Lowore, J. D. (1999). Characteristics and management potential of some indigeneous firewood species in Malawi. Forest Ecology and Management 119:111-121.
Abebaw, D. A. (2007). Household determinants of fuelwood choice in urban Ethiopia: A case study of Jimma town. Journal of Development Areas 41(1):117-126.
Alam, S. A. (2006). Use of biomass fuels in the brick- making industries of Sudan: implications for deforestation and greenhouse gas emission. Master’s thesis Department of Forest Ecology, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), University of Helsinki, Finland. 87pp.
Anderson, D. (1996). Energy and the Environment: Technical and Economic Possibilities Finance and Development. Journal of environmental science 52(3):127-132.
Arntzen, J. W. and Veenendal, E. M. (1986). A profile of Environment and Development in Botswana. NIR University of Botswana, Gaborone. 172pp.
Ayotebi, O. (2000). Overview of environmental problems in Nigeria.National Centre for Economic Management and Administration (NCEMA). Paper presented at the conference on Environment and Sustainable Development: Ibadan, 17-18 August, 2000.
Bekele-Tesemma, A., Birnie, A. & Tengnas, B. (1993). Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Regional Soil Conservation Unit (RSCU), Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA). Retrieved from http://www. world.agroforestry centre.org/sea/products/AFDbases/ asp/GlosB. asp.htm.
Bhatt, B. P. and Tomar, J. M. S. (2002). Firewood Properties of some Indian mountain tree and Shrub Species. Biomass and Bioenergy 23:257-260.
Boyd, H .K. R., Westfall, E. & Stasch, S. F. (1981). Marketing Research, Texts and Cases. Richard, D. Publisher, Illinois, USA. 738pp.
Brigham, T. E., Chihongo, A. W. & Chidumayo, E. N. (1996). Local, National and International Trade in Miombo Product. In: The Miombo in Transition: Woodlands and welfare in Africa (Edited by Campbell, B.) CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. pp-137-174.
Chettri, N. & Sharma, E. (2006). Assessment of natural resources use patterns: A case study along a trekking corridor of Sikkim Himalaya. Resources Energy Development 3: 21–34.
De Montalembert, M. R. & Clement, J. (1983). Fuelwood Supplies in the Developing Countries.FAO Forestry Paper No. 42, Rome, Italy. 42pp.
EIA (Energy Information Administration) (2004).World Energy and Economic Outlook: Consumption by Fuel Types, 1970-2020 Projections: EIA, System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets. Retrieved from http://www.eia. doe.gov/iea. projection. htm.
EIA (Energy Information Administration) (2007). Annual Energy Review. U.S. Department of Energy: Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer.pdf.
Evans, J. (1982).Plantation Forestry in the Tropics. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.403pp.
FAO (2000). Forest Energy Forum – Newsletter. Retrieved from www.fao.org/3/a-x9192e/x9192e08.htm.
Ishtiag, A., Sahar, B. A., Kamal, E., Detlev, M. & Andreas, B. (2012). Effects of red brick production on land use, household income, and green gas emissions in Khartoum, Sudan. Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development in the Tropics and Sub-tropics.
IUCN (2000). Fuelwood and Charcoal Uses with Possible Alternative Energy Sources in Ikwiriri and Mbunjumvuleni village-Rufiji District, Tanzania. Retrieved from www.costalforests.tfcg.org /pubs/ REMP% 2004%20Techno.htm.
James, E. H. (2000). ABCP Tree List for Environmental Nurseries. Retrieved from www.blackwoodconservation.org/ abcp tree list. htm.
Kgathi, D. L & Mlotshwa, C.V. (1997). Fuelwood Procurement, Consumption and Substitution in Selected Areas of Botswana. Implications for theory and policy. Retrieved from https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=29066834# .
Kgathi, D.L. (1984). Aspects of firewood trade between rural Kweneng and urban Gaborone Botswana: a socio-economic Perspective, N. I. R. Gaborone, Working Paper No. 46, 51pp.
Kilian, T. & Scharpenberg, R. (1993). Potential Use of Coconut Palm Wood in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 304pp.
Kimaryo, B.T and Ngereza,K.J. (1989). Charcoal production in Tanzania using improved earth kilns.IDRC Manuscript Report.27pp.
Little, E. L, & Wadsworth, F. H. (1964). Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agricultural Handbook. No. 249. US Department of Agriculture. Washington DC. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/common-trees-puerto-virgin-isla.
Mathur, R. S. (1975).Tropical Agriculture: The Transformation of Tropical Environments by Agriculture. Longman, London. 27pp.
Mbuya, L. P., Msanga, P., Ruffo, C. K., Brirnie, A. & Tengnas, B. (1994). Useful trees and shrubs for Tanzania: Identifying propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. Regional Soil Conservation Unit (RSCU), Nairobi, Kenya. 542pp.
Mhagama, M. (2002). Urban Forestry and its Role in Mitigating Carbon Emissions: The case of Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Special Project for an award of degree in BSc. (Forestry) at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. 488pp.
Pandey, D. (2002).Fuelwood Studies in India. Myth and Reality. Retrieved from http://www.cifor.org/library/1103/fuelwood-studies-in-india-myth-and-reality/.
Puri, S., Singh, S. and Bhushan, B. (2004). Evaluation of fuelwood quality of indigenous and exotic tree species of India’s Semi-arid region. Journal of Agroforestry Systems 26(2):123-130.
Rowe, R., Sharma, N. P. & Browder, J. 1992. Deforestation: problems causes and concerns. In: "Managing the World's Forests: looking for balance between conservation and development". (Edited by Sharma, N. P.), Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Iowa. pp. 33-46.
Royal Norwegian Embassy (2003).Environmental Project Scores Double. Retrieved from http://www.norway. go.tz/News/Environmental+Project+Ruvu+North.htm.
Shackleton C.M (1993). Fuelwood harvesting and sustainable utilization in a communal grazing land and protected area of the eastern Transvaal lowveld. Biological Conservation 63:247-254.
Tabuti, R. S. (2012). Important Woody Plant Species, their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-County, Uganda. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 10:269-286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17348/era.10.0.269-286
WRI (2001). Earth Trends: Forests and Grasslands-Mozambique. Retrieved from http://www.earth trends.wri.org/pdf_ PDF.
-- 0 --
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
How to Cite
